Dativus

Understanding the Dative Case in Latin

What is the Dative?

The dative case in Latin is primarily used to indicate the indirect object of a verb — that is, to whom or for whom something is given, shown, or done. It can also express the beneficiary or recipient of an action.

How to Recognize the Dative?

Latin nouns change their endings depending on their case. The dative endings vary by declension but are consistent within each declension group. Here is a quick overview of the singular and plural dative endings for the five main declensions:

Examples

• Puellae librum do. (I give the book to the girl.) — "puellae" is dative singular.
• Servīs cibum porto. (I carry food to the slaves.) — "servīs" is dative plural.

Cultural Note

The dative case was very important in Roman society, where gift-giving and favors were part of social and political relationships. Using the dative correctly helped express respect and social nuance.

Summary

• The dative marks the indirect object.
• It has distinct endings depending on declension and number.
• It often answers the question "to whom?" or "for whom?".

Let's practice recognizing and using the dative case with simple sentences!